Moose and deer are drawn to forest openings created by logging and other forest disturbances, and thus their impacts are often greatest in these openings. We have been tracking moose and deer impacts on forest composition and structure since 2008 using experimental exclosure sites (blocks with 3 treatment levels of ungulate browsing: moose + deer, deer, and ungulate exclusion) These sites are located in harvested and unharvested oak-pine sites at the Harvard Forest and in other state and private lands in central Massachusetts and northern Connecticut. In harvested areas, moose + deer browsing had strong negative impacts on stem density, basal area, and height growth in the first 5-6 years whereas deer alone had relatively minor effects relative to ungulate exclusion. After 10-12 years, live stem densities converged among treatments, whereas stem basal area remained significantly lower in moose + deer browsed plots. Pin cherry and other shade intolerant tree species were strongly reduced by the two browsers, whereas more shade tolerant red maple, black birch, and oaks have proved more resilient to browsing. Unplatable white pine has increased in relative abundance as palatable hardwood tree species have been browsed heavily Moose + deer browsing has also increased species richness in the herb layer by browsing the dominant woody plant layer and thereby reducing competition and increasing understory light. We will continue to resample the vegetation every 5-10 years.